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코드 블럭
languageyml
title/var/lib/libvirt/images/node-definitions/ubuntu.yaml
linenumberstrue
collapsetrue
#
# Ubuntu node definition (cloud image, using cloud-init)
#

id: ubuntu
sim:
  linux_native:
    driver: server
    libvirt_domain_driver: kvm
    disk_driver: virtio
    nic_driver: virtio
    ram: 2048
    cpus: 1
    data_volume: 0
    boot_disk_size: 64
inherited:
  image:
    ram: true
    cpus: true
    cpu_limit: true
    data_volume: true
    boot_disk_size: true
  node:
    ram: true
    cpus: true
    cpu_limit: true
    data_volume: true
    boot_disk_size: true
general:
  nature: server
  description: Ubuntu Cloud Init Platform
  read_only: true
schema_version: 0.0.1
configuration:
  generator:
    driver: ubuntu
  provisioning:
    volume_name: cidata
    media_type: iso
    files:
      - name: meta-data
        content: |
          instance-id: ubuntu
          local-hostname: ubuntu
        editable: false
      - name: user-data
        content: |
          #cloud-config
          hostname: inserthostname-here
          manage_etc_hosts: True
          system_info:
            default_user:
              name: cisco
          password: cisco
          chpasswd: { expire: False }
          ssh_pwauth: True
          ssh_authorized_keys:
            - your-ssh-pubkey-line-goes-here
        editable: true
device:
  interfaces:
    # 8 should be enough, they are called ens2, ens3, ...
    # however, those are PCI bus/slot numbers. I guess they are
    # not static. Depends what device goes before '2'
    physical:
      - ens2
      - ens3
      - ens4
      - ens5
      - ens6
      - ens7
      - ens8
      - ens9
    has_loopback_zero: false
    default_count: 1
    serial_ports: 1
boot:
  timeout: 180
  # seems that without proper meta-data the hostname is not
  # correctly set at initial boot. It is 'ubuntu'. Also, the
  # first line is not seen at first boot. Only at second
  # boot, the correct hostname plus the 'reached target' is
  # will be set / shown on the console.
  completed:
    - "Cloud-init target"
    - "Welcome to Ubuntu"
    - "running 'modules:final' at"
pyats:
  os: linux
ui:
  group: Others
  icon: server
  label: Ubuntu
  label_prefix: ubuntu-
  visible: true
  description: |
    Ubuntu Cloud Init Platform

    2 GB DRAM, 1 vCPU (can be adjusted)

    ##### Configuration

    The Ubuntu image uses cloud-init YAML for configuration. Please
    ensure that you have a valid cloud-init configuration in the node's
    Edit Config pane in the Workbench. When you drop an Ubuntu node
    on the canvas in the Workbench, a very brief (but complete) skeleton
    for a cloud-init configuration is added to the node.

    The pre-configured default username on the VM image is ubuntu,
    but the initial config for the node overrides the default_user account
    to be cisco. To log into the node as with this default user account,
    ensure that the cloud-init config for the node either specifies a password
    with the top-level password field or provides at least one SSH public key
    with the top-level ssh_authorized_keys field.

    See [the cloud-init documentation](https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/examples.html)
    for additional cloud-init examples.

Process

코드 블럭
titleps auxf
linenumberstrue
collapsetrue
root@cml-controller:/var/lib/libvirt/images# ps auxf | awk '{ print substr($0, 1, 9) substr($0, 67) }'
USER# virsh list --all
 Id   Name         COMMAND
root      /bin/bash -c /bin/busctl monitor --system --json=short 
              State
------------------------------------------------------
 1    86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4   running
 2    50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1   running
 3    8b9c1cd8-254c-4bf4-86f2-c840e301bbc7   running
코드 블럭
languagexml
titlevirsh dumpxml 86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4
linenumberstrue
collapsetrue
<domain type='kvm' id='1'>
  <name>86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4</name>
  <uuid>86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4</uuid>
  <description>cat8000v-0: Lab at Mon 00:44 AM (cat8000v)</description>
  <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='auto'>1</vcpu>
  <numatune>
    <memory mode='strict' placement='auto'/>
  </numatune>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-4.2'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='host-passthrough' check='none'/>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='writethrough'/>
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.img' index='2'>--match "interface=org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1,member=Reloaded" 
              | while read -r line ; do /usr/local/bin/libvirt-iptables-checker.sh ; done
root      /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/networkd-dispatcher --run-startup-triggers
root      /lib/systemd/systemd-logind
root      /lib/systemd/systemd-machined
root      /usr/lib/udisks2/udisksd
root      /usr/sbin/ModemManager
root      /bin/bash /usr/sbin/ksmtuned
root       \_ sleep 60
root      /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
root      /usr/sbin/libvirtd
root      /usr/sbin/rpc.mountd --manage-gids
root      /usr/bin/python3 -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root      nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
www-data   \_ nginx: worker process
www-data   \_ nginx: worker process
...
libvirt+  /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf 
        <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
      </source>
--leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/lib/libvirt/libvirt_leaseshelper
root      <backingStore type='file' index='3'>
        <format type='qcow2'/>
   /sbin/agetty -o -p -- \u --noclear tty1 linux
root     <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/cat8000v-17-13-01a/c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2'>
systemd/systemd --user
root          <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>\_ (sd-pam)
virl2     /usr/local/bin/devicemux 
        </source>
      -logtostderr  <backingStore/>
-stderrthreshold=WARNING 
       </backingStore>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
 -config /var/local/virl2/devicemux-config.yml
root      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
 \_ sudo -n /usr/local/bin/sysctldisableipv6
virl2      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
/usr/local/bin/ipsnooper  
          </disk>
    <disk-logtostderr type='file' device='cdrom'>
 -stderrthreshold=WARNING 
     <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
      <source-config file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/config.img' index='1'/>/ipsnooper.yml
www-data  /usr/local/bin/pcapdemux  
      <backingStore/>
        <target-logtostderr dev='vdb' bus='ide'/>
-stderrthreshold=WARNING 
       <readonly/>
       -bindapi :8004 -controller  <alias name='ide0-0-1'/>ip6-localhost:8001 -usetls=false -verify=false -dispatcher ip6-localhost:8006
www-data  /usr/local/bin/dispatcher 
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>       -logtostderr -stderrthreshold=WARNING 
root      /usr/local/bin/virl2-sshd 
    <controller  type='usb' index='0' model='piix3-uhci'>
      <alias-logtostderr name='usb'/>
-stderrthreshold=WARNING 
       <address  type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
      <alias name='pci.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
 -listen :22 -hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -controller http://ip6-localhost:8001 -user virl2
www-data  /usr/bin/python3 -u /var/local/virl2/.local/bin/virl2-licensing --loglevel=WARNING
virl2     /usr/bin/python3 -u /var/local/virl2/.local/bin/virl2-lowlevel-driver --loglevel=WARNING
virl2     /usr/bin/python3 -u /var/local/virl2/.local/bin/virl2-core-driver
www-data  /usr/bin/python3 -u /var/local/virl2/.local/bin/virl2_webserver 
        <alias name='ide'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>--path /run/virl2/virl2_1.sock --bindto lo --port 8001 --loglevel=WARNING 
    </controller>
         <interface type='udp'>
 --db_conn_str=sqlite:////var/local/virl2/config/controller.db
root      <mac address='52:54:00:05:2d:cf'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21000'>
  tmux new-session -d -s lld -n SHELL -c /var/local/virl2 -x80 -y24 /bin/bash
root      <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21001'/>
 \_ /bin/bash
root       </source>
      <model type='vmxnet3'/>
\_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
                <alias name='net0'/>
while /bin/true; 
       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
           </interface>
do echo "Ctrl-\ to <interface type='udp'>restart"; 
      <mac address='52:54:00:0f:2a:29'/>
         <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21002'>   /usr/bin/journalctl --output=short --no-hostname --follow -u virl2-controller ;
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21003'/>
      </source>done
root       \_ bash -c ulimit <model type='vmxnet3'/>
-c0; 
       <alias name='net1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
  while /bin/true; 
           </interface>
    <interface type='udp'>
  do echo "Ctrl-\ to <mac address='52:54:00:04:be:e7'/>restart"; 
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21004'>
           <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21005'/>
      </source>
 /usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-fabric ;
        <model type='vmxnet3'/>
      <alias name='net2'/>
 done
root      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
    </interface>
     <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:0d:32:f4'/>while /bin/true; 
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21006'>
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21007'/>
      </source> do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
      <model type='vmxnet3'/>
      <alias name='net3'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>/usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-devicemux ;
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/11'/>
 done
root       \_ bash -c <targetulimit type='isa-serial' port='0'>-c0; 
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
        while   </target>/bin/true; 
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <serial type='pty'>
  do echo "Ctrl-\ to <source path='/dev/pts/12'/>
restart"; 
       <target type='isa-serial' port='1'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
 /usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-pcapdemux ;
           <alias name='serial1'/>
    </serial>done
root     <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/11'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/11'/>
 \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
        <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>while /bin/true; 
    </console>
      <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
    </input>do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
    <input  type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input1'/>
    </input>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>/usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-ipsnooper ;
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
 done
root       </memballoon>
    <rng model='virtio'>\_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
      <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
          <alias name='rng0'/>while /bin/true; 
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </rng>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
    <label>libvirt-86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4</label>
    <imagelabel>libvirt-86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
    <label>+64055:+108</label>
    <imagelabel>+64055:+108</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>
코드 블럭
languagexml
titlevirsh dumpxml 50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1
linenumberstrue
collapsetrue
<domain type='kvm' id='2'>
  <name>50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1</name>
  <uuid>50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1</uuid>
  <description>ubuntu-0: Lab at Mon 00:44 AM (ubuntu)</description>
  <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='auto'>1</vcpu>
  <numatune>
    <memory mode='strict' placement='auto'/>
  </numatune>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-4.2'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='host-passthrough' check='none'/>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='writethrough'/>
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1/node0.img' index='2'>            do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
                  /usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-dispatcher ;
                done
root       \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
                while /bin/true; 
                  do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
                  /usr/bin/journalctl --output=short --no-hostname --follow -u virl2-core-driver ;
                done
root       \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
                while /bin/true; 
                  do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
                  /usr/bin/journalctl --output=short --no-hostname --follow -u virl2-lowlevel-driver ;
        <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
      </source>done
root      <backingStore type='file' index='3'>
        <format type='qcow2'/>
        <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/ubuntu-22-04-20240126/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64.img'>
          <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
        </source>
        <backingStore/>
      </backingStore>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1/config.img' index='1'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='vdb' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-1'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='piix3-uhci'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
      <alias name='pci.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:19:35:da'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21008'>
/usr/sbin/virtlogd
libvirt+  /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 -name guest=86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4 ...
libvirt+  /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 -name guest=50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1 ...
libvirt+  /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 -name guest=8b9c1cd8-254c-4bf4-86f2-c840e301bbc7 ...

tmux sessions

Image Added

코드 블럭
root@cml-controller:/var/lib/libvirt/images# ps auxf | awk '{ print substr($0, 1, 9) substr($0, 67) }'
USER      COMMAND
root      tmux new-session -d -s lld -n SHELL -c /var/local/virl2 -x80 -y24 /bin/bash
root       \_ /bin/bash
root       \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
                while /bin/true; 
                  do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
                  /usr/bin/journalctl --output=short --no-hostname --follow -u virl2-controller ;
                done
root       \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
                while /bin/true; 
                  do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
                  /usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-fabric ;
                done
root       \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
         <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21009'/>
     while </source>/bin/true; 
      <model type='virtio'/>
        <driver>
    do echo "Ctrl-\ to <host csum='off'/>restart"; 
      </driver>
       <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>/usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-devicemux ;
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/13'/>
 done
root       \_ <targetbash type='isa-serial' port='0'>
-c ulimit -c0; 
          <model name='isa-serial'/>
     while </target>/bin/true; 
      <alias name='serial0'/>
      </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/13'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/13'/>
 do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
        <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>  /usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-pcapdemux ;
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
    </input>done
root    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input1'/>
 \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
     </input>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
while /bin/true; 
       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  do echo <rng model='virtio'>
  "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
    <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
      <alias name='rng0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </rng>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
    <label>libvirt-50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1</label>
    <imagelabel>libvirt-50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
    <label>+64055:+108</label>
    <imagelabel>+64055:+108</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>
코드 블럭
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='writethrough'/>/usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-ipsnooper ;
                done
root       \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
                while /bin/true; 
                  do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.img' index='2'>            /usr/bin/journalctl --output=cat --follow -u virl2-dispatcher ;
        <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
      </source>ddone
root      <backingStore type='file' index='3'>
     \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
    <format type='qcow2'/>
        <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/cat8000v-17-13-01a/c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2'>   while /bin/true; 
          <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
      do  </source>
   echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
     <backingStore/>
      </backingStore>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
 /usr/bin/journalctl --output=short --no-hostname --follow -u virl2-core-driver ;
          <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      done
root      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
 \_ bash -c ulimit -c0; 
             </disk>
코드 블럭
# ls -alhwhile /var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.img \
/var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/cat8000v-17-13-01a/c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2
-r--rw-r-- 1 libvirt-qemu virl2 1.9G Jun 23 23:35 /var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/cat8000v-17-13-01a/c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2
-rw-r--r-- 1 libvirt-qemu kvm   303M Aug 19 01:16 /var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.imgbin/true; 
                  do echo "Ctrl-\ to restart"; 
                  /usr/bin/journalctl --output=short --no-hostname --follow -u virl2-lowlevel-driver ;
                done

root@cml-controller:~# tmux ls
lld: 9 windows (created Wed Aug 14 09:10:13 2024)

root@cml-controller:~# tmux attach -t lld

QEMU

dumpxml

코드 블럭
linenumberstrue
# virsh list --all
 Id   Name                                   State
------------------------------------------------------
 1    86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4   running
 2    50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1   running
 3    8b9c1cd8-254c-4bf4-86f2-c840e301bbc7   running
코드 블럭
languagexml
titlevirsh dumpxml 86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4
linenumberstrue
collapsetrue
<domain type='kvm' id='1'>
  <name>86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4</name>
  <uuid>86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4</uuid>
  <description>cat8000v-0: Lab at Mon 00:44 AM (cat8000v)</description>
  <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='auto'>1</vcpu>
  <numatune>
    <memory mode='strict' placement='auto'/>
  </numatune>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-4.2'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='host-passthrough' check='none'/>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='writethrough'/>
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.img' index='2'>
        <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
      </source>
      <backingStore type='file' index='3'>
        <format type='qcow2'/>
        <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/cat8000v-17-13-01a/c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2'>
          <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
        </source>
        <backingStore/>
      </backingStore>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/config.img' index='1'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='vdb' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-1'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='piix3-uhci'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
      <alias name='pci.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:05:2d:cf'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21000'>
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21001'/>
      </source>
      <model type='vmxnet3'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:0f:2a:29'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21002'>
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21003'/>
      </source>
      <model type='vmxnet3'/>
      <alias name='net1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:04:be:e7'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21004'>
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21005'/>
      </source>
      <model type='vmxnet3'/>
      <alias name='net2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:0d:32:f4'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21006'>
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21007'/>
      </source>
      <model type='vmxnet3'/>
      <alias name='net3'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/11'/>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/12'/>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='1'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
      <alias name='serial1'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/11'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/11'/>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
    </input>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input1'/>
    </input>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
    <rng model='virtio'>
      <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
      <alias name='rng0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </rng>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
    <label>libvirt-86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4</label>
    <imagelabel>libvirt-86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
    <label>+64055:+108</label>
    <imagelabel>+64055:+108</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>
코드 블럭
languagexml
titlevirsh dumpxml 50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1
linenumberstrue
collapsetrue
<domain type='kvm' id='2'>
  <name>50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1</name>
  <uuid>50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1</uuid>
  <description>ubuntu-0: Lab at Mon 00:44 AM (ubuntu)</description>
  <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='auto'>1</vcpu>
  <numatune>
    <memory mode='strict' placement='auto'/>
  </numatune>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-4.2'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='host-passthrough' check='none'/>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='writethrough'/>
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1/node0.img' index='2'>
        <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
      </source>
      <backingStore type='file' index='3'>
        <format type='qcow2'/>
        <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/ubuntu-22-04-20240126/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64.img'>
          <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
        </source>
        <backingStore/>
      </backingStore>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1/config.img' index='1'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='vdb' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-1'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='piix3-uhci'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
      <alias name='pci.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:19:35:da'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21008'>
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21009'/>
      </source>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <driver>
        <host csum='off'/>
      </driver>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/13'/>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/13'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/13'/>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
    </input>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input1'/>
    </input>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
    <rng model='virtio'>
      <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
      <alias name='rng0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </rng>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
    <label>libvirt-50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1</label>
    <imagelabel>libvirt-50e4385b-f762-42a1-9f3f-89bca3785ff1</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
    <label>+64055:+108</label>
    <imagelabel>+64055:+108</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>

Disk - snapshot

c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2

read-only base image

node0.img

differences

코드 블럭
languagexml
titlevirsh dumpxml 86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4
linenumberstrue
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='writethrough'/>
      <source file='/var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.img' index='2'>
        <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
      </source>d
      <backingStore type='file' index='3'>
        <format type='qcow2'/>
        <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/cat8000v-17-13-01a/c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2'>
          <seclabel model='dac' relabel='no'/>
        </source>
        <backingStore/>
      </backingStore>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
코드 블럭
linenumberstrue
# ls -alh /var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.img \
/var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/cat8000v-17-13-01a/c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2
-r--rw-r-- 1 libvirt-qemu virl2 1.9G Jun 23 23:35 /var/lib/libvirt/images/virl-base-images/cat8000v-17-13-01a/c8000v-universalk9_8G_serial.17.13.01a.qcow2
-rw-r--r-- 1 libvirt-qemu kvm   303M Aug 19 01:16 /var/local/virl2/images/9688ac22-ad37-4cf3-aa06-2efe9d8c7786/86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.img

코드 블럭
linenumberstrue
root@cml-controller:~# virsh domblklist 86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4
 Target   Source
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 vda      /var/local/virl2/images/.../86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/node0.img
 vdb      /var/local/virl2/images/.../86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4/config.img

root@cml-controller:~#  virsh domblkstat 86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4 vda --human
Device: vda
 number of read operations:      20923
 number of bytes read:           1582396928
 number of write operations:     1077
 number of bytes written:        608612352
 number of flush operations:     0
 total duration of reads (ns):   6638006817
 total duration of writes (ns):  238078868428
 total duration of flushes (ns): 0

Network - QEMU UDP Unicast Tunnel

https://linuxsimba.github.io/qemu-tunnel-types

https://oglok.github.io/2018-10-04-Interconnecting-VNFs-on-your-laptop/

코드 블럭
languagexml
titlevirsh dumpxml 86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4
linenumberstrue
     <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:05:2d:cf'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21000'>
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21001'/>
      </source>
      <model type='vmxnet3'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    ...
    <interface type='udp'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:0d:32:f4'/>
      <source address='127.0.0.1' port='21006'>
        <local address='127.0.0.1' port='21007'/>
      </source>
      <model type='vmxnet3'/>
      <alias name='net3'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
코드 블럭
# virsh domiflist 86770ca2-685f-4c57-b215-350265c973c4
 Interface   Type   Source   Model     MAC
----------------------------------------------------------
 -           udp    -        vmxnet3   52:54:00:05:2d:cf
 -           udp    -        vmxnet3   52:54:00:0f:2a:29
 -           udp    -        vmxnet3   52:54:00:04:be:e7
 -           udp    -        vmxnet3   52:54:00:0d:32:f4

https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/virtualization_deployment_and_administration_guide/sect-statlists